Introduction to elastomer springs

Elastomer springs have the ability to adapt to a wide range of requirements while offering high performance. This makes them an indispensable element in various industrial applications. These springs can absorb high forces without losing their elasticity.

Definition and general characteristics

Elastomer springs represent a remarkable innovation. Compact and solid elastomer compression springs are characterized by standardized dimensions and hardnesses in accordance with DIN ISO 10069-1, which ensures reliable performance. There is a wide range of variants, which means that each spring can be specifically tailored to the needs of its respective application.

Microcellular elastomer springs from our Vulkocell Material types are characterized by high force absorption combined with high volume compressibility. The dynamic load capacity of these springs provides reliable performance under varying conditions. High shock elasticity is essential for applications where vibrations and shocks must be reduced.

For applications that require even higher loads, the standard range of compact elastomer springs is ideal. These are available in various hardnesses in order to be precisely tailored to the respective load sizes. In addition, they are characterized by a wide variety of different dimensions, which enables flexible integration into almost any construction and thus represents a robust alternative to microcell variants.

Their ability to insulate and reduce airborne noise makes these springs particularly valuable in environments where noise reduction is important. A prestressed installation makes it possible to implement specific spring travel, which allows further adaptation to application requirements. An additional advantage is their low setting, which has a positive effect on long-term stability and ensures reliability over longer periods of time. This flexibility makes elastomer springs a versatile solution in a wide range of industrial applications.

Comparison with conventional metal springs

When it comes to choosing between elastomer and metal springs, there are various aspects to consider. Elastomer springs are not only unbreakable and damping, but also reliable in operation. Their resistance to breakage in connection with robustness and elasticity make it possible to use the springs also as an emergency spring, which, in the event of damage to the primary spring system, can take over the suspension of the vehicle for a certain period of time. Maintenance-free due to the elimination of lubrication requirements and a lower price-performance ratio are other significant advantages.

Polyurethane (PU) components can be adjusted to specific parameters such as spring travel and loads and are often lighter than solid steel springs. This leads to cost advantages, particularly in the case of complex geometries. However, it should be noted that elastomer springs are less resistant to high ambient temperatures than steel springs: steel springs can withstand loads of up to 200 °C, while with PU springs, temperature limits of 80° C (up to 120 °C for special formulations) must be considered.
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Main areas of application

The versatility of elastomer springs makes them a crucial element in various industrial markets, where their properties are an advantage.

transportation industry

Elastomer springs are essential in the transportation industry. They offer dynamic spring properties, act as shock absorbers and take on the role of decoupling elements, which help to dampen vibrations and minimize noise generation. Spring elements and spring rollers are further areas of application that benefit from the adaptable properties of elastomer technology.

machine-building industry

For mechanical engineering, elastomer springs offer decisive advantages as ejector springs and end stops. Their vibration decoupling and body sound insulation capabilities ensure that machines can operate with low vibration, which extends the life of the equipment. They also serve as shock absorbers and spring systems, which can be individually adapted in shape and hardness to the requirements of mechanical engineering.

agro-industry

In the agricultural industry, elastomer springs are revolutionizing applications, e.g. as drawbar springs and axle springs. Their role as compensating elements and vibration isolators provide protection against mechanical shocks and vibrations that may occur during operation. Spring washers and vibration isolators are also essential for the smooth operation of agricultural equipment under varying conditions and changing forces.

Special vehicle construction

In special vehicle construction, the special requirements are often unique and varied. Elastomer springs offer decisive advantages here as cab bearings and vibration decoupling. They provide effective vibration insulation and are able to support complex spring systems and cabin bearings. As an auxiliary and emergency spring, they play an important role within the construction and automotive industries.
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Product types and technical specifications

Different types of elastomer springs

The range of elastomer springs comprises various types, including compact and solid variants in various Shore hardnesses as well as microcellular elastomer springs in different densities. This diversity enables precise adjustment to the specific requirements of the respective application.

Important technical characteristics and standards

Elastomer springs offer a wide range of variants and can withstand both static and dynamic loads. The excellent modulus of elasticity ensures that they retain their shaping properties even under exceptional loads. Spring rates and defined characteristics ensure reliable performance in the application. In terms of durability and load capacity, more than 2 million load changes are possible in compliance with the design criteria.

The temperature ranges from -30 to +80 °C with special options up to 120 °C. Tested voltage, hardness and density tests in accordance with DIN standards such as DIN 53504, DIN 53505 and DIN 53479 are important to ensure quality and performance. Dimensional tolerances in accordance with DIN ISO 3302-1 provide a further guarantee for the quality of the springs.

Customization options for specific applications

The customization options of elastomer springs go far beyond standard applications. Hydrolysis stability or microbial resistance are properties which can be adjusted by adapting the material formulation. Additionally adjustable resistances, such as concrete resistance or resistance to various cleaning agents, oils and greases, further increase the range of action of the PU springs. Spring travel and load absorption can be handled flexibly through contour and hardness settings.

By combining different materials, it is possible to combine the positive properties of the individual components and thus increase performance. The mounting variations can also be adjusted depending on the application, which further increases flexibility.
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Maintenance and lifespan

One of the outstanding features of elastomer springs is that they are maintenance-free, which enables significant savings in operating costs. Their lifetime can even exceed 2 million load cycles, provided that the design criteria are met. By adapting the materials to environmental influences such as hydrolysis and microbial resistance, the life cycles of these springs can be significantly extended.

Detecting and repairing signs of wear

Despite their robust construction, signs of wear and tear can occur due to aging or overloading. These are best assessed by trained personnel. Basic rules for use are available on request and support the safe use of high-quality P+S elastomer springs. Cracking due to material fatigue remains a potential challenge, but in the event of wear, replacement is usually easy so that the application is not jeopardized.

Factors that affect lifespan

Various factors can influence the lifespan of elastomer springs. This includes the aging of the components, which necessarily takes place during use, as well as overloading due to mechanical influences. The influence of aggressive media such as acids and solvents must also be considered. Prolonged use outside recommended temperature conditions may affect the integrity of the springs.
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Our recommendation

Elastomer springs offer decisive advantages in their areas of application. The maintenance-free nature and unique damping properties make them a preferred choice in areas where customization and flexibility are required. Especially when it comes to individual application parameters and installation situations, these springs stand out due to their weight advantages and cost efficiency. Steel springs, on the other hand, offer durability and robustness under extreme loads and temperatures, but require more protection against corrosion and lubrication.

Use elastomer springs where their damping and freedom from maintenance are an invaluable advantage — ideally for applications that require flexible adjustments to individual parameters. Feel free to contact us to find the ideal elastomer springs for your specific needs and to get a tailor-made solution for your application.